【蜂報】cyberbees.blog: 301戰役（九）第二場戰役

301戰役（九）第二場戰役

作者： 翁自得 （天理國際智慧財產權事務所執行長）

第四章　第二場戰役
緣起
返國後，林壽山立委根據我的書面報告召開記者會，分析這次談判的結果及我方應有的對策。

我在書面報告指出：
美方已承認＜中美著作權保護協定＞原條文起草時有疏漏，但無法接受立法院以「附保留批准」方式對待＜中美著作權保護協定＞條款。美方意思似認為，如果此例一開，其他國家勢必援引。

惟，從美方在談判最後一天提出的「Record of Undersfanding」文件可以看出，美方也有誠意想解決問題；因此，有意援引美日雙方對工具機問題談判的模式，在協定原條文之外，再以「附解釋文」的方式，來釐清原條文適用時發生的困境。

我分析指出：
如果，美國這次決定是否對我國施以「特別三Ｏ一」報復的關鍵，僅在於立法院的附保留條款通過與否的話，建議當前最迫切需要的二個處理方向；

一，從美方針對附保留條文所提出的 Comments 內容，顯然透露，美方多少誤解了我方附保留理由及我國＜著作權法＞。因此建議，應儘速將 Comments 正確的翻譯成中文，並了解美方真正的意思。雙方意思都釐清後，在三月底前，我方應主動提出與美方進行一場「非正式」諮商，雙方再研擬可行的解釋文，而將此非正式諮商解釋文與附保留條文、相關＜著作權法＞條文等，一併送進立法院處理。

二，＜行政院經濟建設委員會＞應儘速就「特別三Ｏ一」報復的損失，與我國過去已退讓及未來可能退讓的利益評估，以利立法院能夠「全方位」處理此案。

由於美方對協定附保留理由的誤解，且有意解決問題，而我又是協定附保留條文與理由的起草人，有責任當面與美方溝通，因此，經由林立委的強烈的主張，才主動促成四月份的第二場戰役。

這份在台北記者會公布的書面報告，後來成為中美雙方接著在四月初進行「非正式諮商」的起端。

第一次談判我是被動應邀隨團赴美，赴美前的心境是「提心吊膽」，深怕浪費國家經費，白跑一趟，在確定我不能進入談判會場時，更加惶恐，才「敏感」地主動要求駐美經濟組，安排我以林立委助理身分拜訪美國智慧財產權團體。

歷經這次談判，我認為中美雙方還有再談判的空間。但我深知，若以「正式」諮商名義，我將永遠被美方排拒在談判桌外，而我與美方代表在餐桌上的“戰爭”就是以「非正式」諮商的名義，因此才會主張第二次的談判，以「非正式諮商」為名。

可以說，第一次談判後，我不僅是化被動為主動，而且是在幕後主動極力促成第二次的談判。未料，美方雖然接受「非正式諮商」的要求，但仍拒絕我進入諮商會場，我方主談機關的＜國際貿易局＞拒絕我，美方也拒絕我，當事人的雙方都表明拒絕我的態度下，我卻反其道而行，更積極主動介入。因為，我要「追根究底」地了解雙方的原意。

因為，有關智慧財產權的法律問題是相當專業的領域，若非由學法律的人來當翻譯，很容易誤譯而誤解意思，影響智慧財產權談判時雙方的認知。甚至學法律的人也不見得完全勝任，因為智慧財產權問題中有許多專業術語，並非法學專家可以理解的。

以第一次談判為例，我就發現美方對我國提出的＜中美著作權保護協定＞附保留的理由，有不少翻譯錯誤的地方，而造成誤導，可能影響美方在對我談判時的看法。

我個人的看法，實際上有些問題不是那麼難達成共識的，如果雙方能有良好的溝通模式及管道的話，美國應該不至於那麼霸道的。

進一步解釋，例如協定第十四條，訂定之初，中美雙方的原意是要禁止物品從第三國輸入，結果條文一訂出來就走了樣。而先前我在美僑商會演講中亦曾舉例提及，例如美國的「發行」定義與我國對「發行」的定義就不同；又如美國所謂的公開表演權（Public　 Performance）的定義也與我國不同，美國公開表演權即相當於我國的公開演出權、公開播送權、公開上映權及公開口述權等四種權利。

由此種種体驗，我認為進一步溝通是相當重要的。以一種與美國「私下」而「非正式」諮商的方式，雙方都提出讓對方能夠執行的辦法。我想，能夠「執行」是談判時很重要的考慮要件。因為不論美國欲以如何高姿態、高標準及刁鑽的法案來壓人，但最起碼這些要求都要讓雙方能「執行」；否則若依協定第十四條原條文通過，入境中華民國的旅客只要攜帶一本著作物均可能觸犯著作權，到時候豈不天下大亂，教我國如何付諸執行？

三月下旬的記者會中，林壽山立委便強烈表達「再一次談判」的主張。＜國際貿易局＞對此呼籲，則是一直毫無反應。情急之下，我主動找＜國際貿易局＞官員理論，說明既然有再談判的空間即應把握機會，＜國際貿易局＞才開始第二次談判作業，此時，大家心想，希望能趕在三Ｏ一報復烏雲降臨前，趕快解決這些問題。

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2003-05-06 21:37:12

301戰役（九）第二場戰役