2003-06-20 19:24:43

陳定南V.S政大教授孫善豪

■編按:最近,關於<著作權法>修法一事,<法務部>部長陳定南公開怒斥<政治大學>政治系助理教授孫善豪,<蜂報>特將事情原委刊載,上篇文章是<聯合報>6月17日相關報導,下篇文章是孫善豪教授對<法務部>的批評。

教授批盜版公訴 陳定南怒斥
聯合報記者王文玲/台北報導

<政治大學>政治系教授孫善豪去年上網批評<法務部>把盜版變為「公訴罪」的做法不當,該批評文章並收錄在上個月的政大社會科學學院出版的刊物;陳定南閱後大怒,痛批孫對<著作權法>修訂過程胡亂指責,有失嚴謹客觀的治學態度,指摘事項「近乎可笑,簡直快到斯文掃地的程度」。

陳定南是在最近的<法務部>部務會報中痛批孫善豪的文章,並要求所屬務必上網回應,及以公函要求<政治大學>更正或澄清,以免不正確的消息以訛傳訛,以正視聽,並期有助於端正學術風氣。

該篇文章收錄於<政策論壇電子報>彙編的第二冊第十一頁,文中反諷<法務部>去年五月一日起嚴厲追查反盜版,形同鄭重宣布成為微軟公司的打手,且試圖將盜版改為公訴罪,文中並提出商品售價等於商品成本的想法,主張微軟開發軟體的全部必須予以回饋,但以一次為限,如開發某套軟體成本為一億美元,但如經全世界使用者共同償付此一億美元後,每一使用者即可大方下載程式,不必擔心侵害智慧權。

陳定南指出,<著作權法>的主管部會是<經濟部>,<經濟部>提案修法擴大公訴罪的範圍時,<法務部>始終反對,不過<行政院>整體考量後,接納<經濟部智慧財產局>的版本,送請<立法院>審議,並非<法務部>想把盜版改為公訴罪。

陳定南一方面砲打不明瞭著作權修法過程即出言批評的學者,另方面,表現<法務部>查緝盜版的成果。陳定南說,<商業軟體聯盟>最近指出,我國去年電腦軟體盜版比率已由前年的百分之五十三降到百分之四十三,為全球最佳成績,這項進步主要是出自<法務部>查緝盜版的決心,並以身作則率先訂購大量授權使用電腦軟體的合約,要求所屬將資料提供<經濟部>、<外交部>及<新聞局>,加強對外宣傳,改善台灣國際形象。

如何反反盜版?
作者:國立政治大學政治系助理教授 孫善豪
出處:政治大學社會科學院政策論壇電子報

在五月一日這個莊嚴的日子裡,中華民國政府的<法務部>也鄭重宣布:它是微軟公司的打手。不僅將嚴厲追查盜版,甚至,試圖想要把盜版變成公訴罪,也就是:中華民國檢察官將會主動地以<微軟公司>為委託人,替它打民事官司。

這種行徑,當然引起反感和反彈。於是有所謂「反反盜版」的聯盟或連線出而抗議。但是,單單喊喊「反反盜版」的口號,並無實益。該怎麼做呢?這裡,提出一個簡單的構想。

首先,必須先確定:商品售價=商品生產成本
這裡所謂成本,包括了生產商品所需的原料、勞工、地租....等等,以及資本家或企業主所花費的一切用於商品生產的力氣。

其次,要確定的是:電腦程式、光碟書、音樂....等等,都只生產一次,而每一份COPY,基本上都幾乎不要錢,或是只要非常少量的錢-例如一張空白光碟片只要新台幣十元。所以,這些商品的生產成本,從而售價,應該只等於生產出一份原版的錢。

確立了這兩點後,我們可以這樣想:

<微軟公司>的程式設計師所花費於程式設計上的勞動、設計所需的材料、比爾蓋茲的管理....,都必須給予回饋。但是這些回饋,都以一次為限。例如,如果開發出Windows XP的全部成本是一億美金,那麼<微軟公司>就應該得到一億美金。

市場運作的邏輯是:這一億美金要在個別商品的售價上反映出來,也就是說:如果全世界可以銷售一千萬套Windows XP,那麼每一套就值十美金。如果可以銷售兩千萬套,那麼每套就五美金....等等,以此類推。但是,如果原本預計銷售一千萬套,結果卻賣了一億套,那麼,就會多出九億美金的所謂「盈餘」。但是,如果,真賣了一億套,那麼,難道不該每套一美金嗎?換言之,在這個情況下,每一個以十美金購買Windows XP的顧客,都被<微軟公司>偷走了九美金!
這能說是合理的利潤嗎?當然不能!問題出在哪裡呢?就在於前面第二點:每一份COPY基本上都是不要錢的,所以多賣一份,就是用空的東西白白賺進十美金。

問題可以如何解決呢?

第一,由於<微軟公司>的開發成本必須被償付,而又由於使用微軟程式的是全世界的人,所以,應該由全世界人類共同支付微軟公司開發程式的成本。也就是把微軟公司變成一個「全世界程式開發與使用合作社」裡的開發部門。

第二,由全世界來支付微軟的開發成本,這裡所謂全世界,可以由聯合國或國際教科文組織(UNESCO)或任何其他國際組織作為代理人,而以各國使用微軟程式的人口戰世界總使用人口的比例,來決定各國應該分攤的比例。

例如,如果微軟的程式開發成本是美金一億,而全世界使用微軟程式的人口也是一億,其中美國人三千萬,日本人一千萬,英國人一千萬....,那麼,美國就出三千萬、日本出一千萬、英國出一千萬.....等等。如果嫌這個比例難以計算,也可以用各國國民生產毛額的比例,或任何其他可計算標準來計算。

第三,由於<微軟公司>的程式開發成本已經被全世界的使用者償付了,所以,這時候,每一個使用者都可以大大方方下載拷貝微軟的程式,而不必花一分錢!-當然也不必擔心侵害智慧財產權,要被檢察官闖入搜查了!

第四,同樣的辦法,也適用於其他軟體公司──這套辦法對於他們來說,不是減少了利潤,而是增加了利潤,例如可敬的Lynux!

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