2003-06-21 23:17:45

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轉載:<台灣立報>之<921災區民眾史>
作者:謝憲政 台中縣東勢鎮921組合屋<高雄友誼村>居民 


我的父母,是世界上最偉大的人,雖然不是什麼大人物,也沒有什麼偉大的夢想,奮鬥了大半輩子,只希望能圖個遮風避雨的住所,安心養兒育女,讓家人三餐溫飽,不要流浪狗一樣地被驅來趕去。不過,上天卻跟他們開了個玩笑!

我的祖父是退除役軍官,在那個戰亂的年代,究竟是怎麼投靠軍旅,也搞不清楚,只記得有天出門就被捉走了,此後就未再返家!就這樣莫名其妙地扛起槍桿子,成為效忠「蔣介石軍隊」的一員。隨著國民黨與共產黨內戰情勢的逆轉,祖父也跟著大夥轉進到台灣,這個李鴻章口中『花不香,鳥不語;男無情,女無義』的地方,卻是蔣介石最後的「復興」基地。

為了鞏固「復興」基地的統治基礎,祖父與同僚投入開發後山(古時台灣東部的俗稱)與大甲溪資源的工作,以及闢建中部橫貫公路的艱鉅工程。猶如「不可能任務」的中橫工程,除了時有颱風、地震、豪雨等天災的生命威脅外,由於中央山脈兩側地質形態並不相同,因此,在爆破山岩時,常有意外發生!由於,得不到及時的醫療救護,奪走了許多同袍的生命及健康身體,而終身殘疾!(見蜂報註1)

蜂報註1:和多數的台灣河川一樣,中部橫貫公路的大甲溪上游也是原住民的原鄉,而台灣先民對於大甲溪流域的拓墾,最早要遠溯自鄭成功時期,大甲溪中、上游的開發,則到清朝乾隆年間才略有基礎,但僅止於台中縣石岡、東勢附近。 

日據時期,東勢、和平等大甲溪中、上游城鎮的開發逐漸加速,由於上游山地蘊藏樟腦等天然森林寶藏,日本殖民政權設置東勢郡番地,進行開採,派遣警力駐守,期間經常發生泰雅族人抗日事件。直到民國九年左右,泰雅族人抵抗告一段落,日本殖民政權開始設置八仙山林場、開發水力資源。

台灣光復以後,由於經濟結構丕變,大甲溪的開發刻不容緩,國民黨政府成立<大甲溪開發計劃委員會>,有計劃地開發大甲溪豐富資源,不過,交通,永遠是開發最重要的關鍵,所以,必須從中部橫貫公路的鑿建開始。在此之前,和平鄉環山部落(平等村)、佳陽部落(梨山村)原住民生活相當困苦,經濟型態都屬農耕自給自足,現在以種植高經濟作物的高冷蔬菜、水果聞名,但當時受限於交通阻礙而尚未出現。

由於中央山脈阻隔,台灣東西交通幾如斷絕,早在清末,為開發後山與統治原住民,曾由總兵吳光亮闢建林圯埔(南投縣竹山)至璞石閣(花蓮縣玉里),以及集集堡(集集)至水尾(瑞穗)兩條橫貫道路,前者即「八通關古道」,但不久就告荒蕪。日據時期,殖民政權曾重修「八通關古道」,但在一九四O年,因戰爭而荒廢,另外還有闢建橫貫道路的「新高公路」計劃,也因戰事吃緊作罷。

國民黨政府流亡至台灣後,大甲溪的開發受到重視,決定闢建東西橫貫公路,民國四十五年七月七日在當時<退除役官兵輔導委員會>主委蔣經國的主導下,一萬一千名退伍的官士兵榮民在大型機具無法入山的限制下,以圓鍬和鐵鏟一斧一鑿挖了四年,才打穿中央山脈開闢成功。施工過程中,殉職人員超過二百人,原來預計三年完工,因工程太過艱鉅,至四十九年四月才完工,1960年5月9日,中部橫貫公路正式通車。

而今,在「台灣人意識」非理性的高漲下,這些曾為台灣這塊土地付出青春、血汗,乃至因而殘疾、甚至犧牲生命的外省老榮民,卻遭到敵視與排擠,與外省來台的統治階級同被歸類為外來威權統治者的一份子,進而被叩上「中共同路人」的帽子,實屬不公平。這些外省老榮民對台灣經濟建設的貢獻絕不下於廣大的勞工與農民,至今,不是終生未娶、孤苦無依,便是獨居而亡,曝屍多時卻無人知曉!

他們都是國民黨與共產黨內戰的無辜犧牲者,卻被國民黨政權用完即丟,僅被收容在眷村或「榮民之家」裡,與台灣社會「隔離」!他們之所以對蔣家王朝與國民黨政權死忠,是因民主意識薄弱、被刻意「隔離」於台灣社會之外,與族群情感認同所致,所以,與台灣廣大基層人民相同,也都是由企業主、財團大股東、政客民代與行政官僚所構成統治階級的被壓迫者!■

祖父和一萬多個工程人員幾乎是靠著雙手,忍著饑寒,無奈地背鋼釬,揮鐵稿,與堅石、荊棘搏鬥,攀岩鑿壁,修築道路,與大自然的山石搏鬥,用血肉和生命開啟了「人定勝天」的神話。

然而,幸運之神並未眷顧祖父,為了開闢中橫公路,他的鮮血與生命,也灑在這聞名中外的浩大難鉅工程裡。隻身來台的祖父,沒有遺留什麼財物給祖母,卻丟下嗷嗷待哺的八個小孩,那年,父親才十餘歲,就必須擔起全家的沈重生計。
(明日待續)

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